New flight hardware designs are being developed that permit simultaneous measurement of integrated electron content along new raypath orientations, including zenith, cross-track and nadir antenna orientations (the latter via bistatic reflection of the GPS signal off ocean surfaces). Complementary measurements from space-borne GPS receivers in low-Earth orbit provide information on both vertical and horizontal structure of the ionosphere/plasmasphere system. Data available from thousands of ground-based GPS receivers are used to image the large-scale and mesoscale ionospheric response to geospace forcings at high-precision covering all local times and latitudes. This simple observable is yielding a wealth of new scientific information about ionosphere and plasmasphere dynamics. To quickly jump to the category you're looking for, click on the links below or keep scrolling to see all 45.Transmissions of the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites can be used to measure the total electron content (TEC) between a receiver and several GPS satellites in view. They are deep in the “I’ll do it myself” phase, so they enjoy things that help them master the fine motor skills that might help them dress themselves, said Marie Conti, head of The Wetherill School in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania, and a board member of the American Montessori Society.
“Three-year-olds are getting to be more social and have ideas of their own,” said Tovah Klein, director of the Barnard College Center for Toddler Development and author of “How Toddlers Thrive.” According to Klein, “Open-ended toys such as blocks and building toys allow them to explore, discover and carry out their ideas." (Or not: There’s a reason people call them “threenagers.”) They’re becoming increasingly verbal and able to answer questions and follow directions. The best gifts for 3-year-olds will include plenty of opportunities to explore as toddlers grow and develop into more imaginative play.įinally out of the " terrible twos," many are entering school for the first time and interacting with friends.
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